Iran Revolution at 40: From Theocracy to Normality
Background
The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, was a popular uprising in 1978-79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. The revolution was led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who returned to Iran from exile in 1979 and became the country's Supreme Leader.
Key Events
* January 1979: Surging protests in Tehran lead to the fall of the Shah. * February 11, 1979: Commemoration of the revolution's anniversary. * July 15, 2021: Protests erupt over water shortages and police respond with violence.
Impact
The Iranian Revolution has had a profound impact on Iran and the wider Middle East. It transformed Iran into an Islamic republic and gave rise to the concept of "Vilayat al-Faqih," or Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, which gives supreme authority to religious leaders. The revolution also inspired other Islamic movements around the world.
Current State
Despite the revolution's radical beginnings, Iran has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The country has developed a vibrant civil society, a growing middle class, and a more open economy. However, it continues to face challenges such as political repression, human rights abuses, and economic inequality. The recent protests are a sign of the ongoing tensions between the regime and the Iranian people.
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